Applied Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering Seminar Topics

Landmine detection using impulse ground penetrating radar
Landmines are affecting the lives and livelihood of millions of people around the world. The video impulse ground penetrating radar system for detection for small and shallow buried objects has been developed. The hardware combines commercially available components with components specially developed or modified for being used in the system.

FPGA in Outer Space

During the development of semi-conductor technology there were also tremendous developments in its associated fields mainly in the field of the Programmable Logic Devices especially in the field of Field Programmable Logic Devices (FPGA). One of the reasons for the development of FPGA was its greater flexibility of operation. But it had many disadvantages mainly during its operation in the Outer Space. In this paper we are going to analyze various affects on FPGAs that will come across during its operation in the outer space & various techniques to minimize those effects. In the last part of this paper we will discuss one of the important application of the FPGA in the satellites. The application of FPGA in the field of High Performance Computing is also discussed in this section there by enhancing its operation.

64-Point FT Chip
A fixed-point 16-bit word-length 64-point FFT/IFFT processor developed primarily for the application in an OFDM based IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN base band processor. The 64-point FFT is realized by decomposing it in to a two dimensional structure of 8-point FFTs. This approach reduces the number of required complex multiplication compared to the conventional radix-2 64-point FFT algorithm. The complex multiplication operations are realized using shift and add operation. Thus, the processor does not use a two-input digital multiplier. It also does not need any RAM or ROM for internal storage of coefficients. The core area of this chip is 6.8mm². The average dynamic power consumption is 41mW at 20Mhz operating frequency and 1.8Volt supply voltage. The processor completes one parallel-to-parallel 64-point FFT computation in 23 cycles; it can be used for any application that requires fast operation as well as low power consumption.

The PCI Express Architecture
The Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) architecture has become the most common method used to extend PCs for add-on adapters over the years. Originally intended for personal computer systems, the PCI architecture has penetrated into virtually every computing platform category, including servers, storage, communications, and a wide range of embedded control applications. From its early incarnation as a 32-bit 33MHz interconnect, it has been expanded to offer higher speeds (currently in widespread use at 64-bit 133MHz, with faster versions on the way). Most importantly, each advancement in PCI bus speed and width provided backward software compatibility, allowing designers to leverage the broad code base.

Organic electronics 
Organic Electronics is a branch of electronics dealing with conductive polymers and conductve small molecules. It is called 'organic' electronics because the polymers and small molecules are carbon-based. This contrasts with traditional electronics, which relies on inorganic conductors and semiconductors, such as copper and silicon, respectively.

Virtual retinal display (VRD) Technology
A virtual retinal display (VRD), also known as a retinal scan display (RSD) or retinal projector (RP), is a display technology that draws a raster display (like a television) directly onto the retina of the eye. The user sees what appears to be a conventional display floating in space in front of them. (However, the portion of the visual area where imagery appears must still intersect with optical elements of the display system. It is not possible to display an image over a solid angle from a point source unless the projection system can bypass the lenses within the eye.The quality of the image is excellent with stereo view, full color, wide field of view and no flickering characteristicsUsing the VRD technology it is possible to build a display with the following characteristics: Very small and lightweight, glasses mountable, Large field of view, greater than 120 degrees, High resolution, approaching that of human vision,Full color with better color resolution than standard displays, Brightness sufficient for outdoor use, Very low power consumption, True stereo display with depth modulation, Capable of fully inclusive or see through display modes

Self Healing ROBOTS
When people or creatures get harm, they can usually pay for minimal accidents and keep limping along, but for programs, even minimal harm can create them fall and fall. Now a software just more substantial than a people hand has proven a novel ability: It can restore from harm — an creativity that could create programs more separate.The new software, which looks like a splay-legged, four-footed starfish, deduces the appearance of its own human body by accomplishing a line of frolicsome activities, rotating its four divisions. By using alerts to record producing changes in the direction of its human body, it slowly but surely produces a digital photograph of itself. The software then uses this to plan out how simply to move forward.

Cruise Control Devices
Cruise control is a system that automatically controls the speed of a motor vehicle. The system takes over the throttle of the car to maintain a steady speed as set by the driver.All cruise control systems must be capable of being turned off both explicitly and automatically when the driver depresses the brake, and often also the clutch. Cruise control often includes a memory feature to resume the set speed after braking, and a coast feature to reduce the set speed without braking. When the cruise control is engaged, the throttle can still be used to accelerate the car, but once the pedal is released the car will then slow down until it reaches the previously set speed.

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