Mechanical Engineering Seminar Topics 2014
PISTON RING TRIBOLOGY
The tribological considerations in the contacts formed by the piston skirt, piston rings and cylinder liner have attracted much attention over several decades, not least indicated by the large number of articles published on this topic in recent years. Recent studies include modelling, miniaturised experimental work and full-scale engine testing.This literature survey, covering over 150 references, aims to shed new light on the tribological issues related to the piston assembly. The work is intended as a compact reference volume for internal combustion engines in general, with particular emphasis on diesel engines.Central topics discussed in this work are the basic functions of the piston and the piston rings, the design and the materials of the components, mechanical and thermal loads on the rings, the contact pressure between ring and liner, the sealing action, blow-by leakage, hot gas erosion damage, exhaust emissions, the lubrication conditions and the influence of combustion products, the coefficient of friction and the friction force, the wear of the sliding surfaces and surface technology for wear reduction.
BIODIESEL IN DIESEL ENGINES
Bio diesel is a vegetable oil that is a clean burning diesel fuel and is obtained from soya bean and other vegetative oils. It is typically processed by the chemical reaction of lipids with alcohol and this process is called as esterification. The Mechanical Engineering Project “ Bio diesel in Diesel Engines” has been presented because it is a good replacement for conventional fuels and is equipped with environmental benefits.Bio diesel is mainly used in diesel engines as they improve the engine’s combustion performance and better engine lubrication along with reduction in air and water pollution. The most critical aspects of bio diesel use and their consequence are studied and presented. Also techniques for the optimum bio diesel are suggested. Engine conversions are not requires unless the engine has old fault lines. As an alternate for fossil fuels, Bio diesel is the best solution. It should be the serving mechanism for reducing and maintaining the price of automobile fuel. India has vast amounts of resources for producing Bio diesel; research is being carried out to convert the vegetable oils in to bio diesel. Bio diesel can especially provide a boost to the rural economy.
ABRASIVE JET MACHINING
Abrasive water jet machine tools are suddenly being a hit in the market since they are quick to program and could make money on short runs. They are quick to set up, and offer quick turn-around on the machine. They complement existing tools used for either primary or secondary operations and could make parts quickly out of virtually out of any material. One of the major advantage is that they do not heat the material. All sorts of intricate shapes are easy to make. They turns to be a money making machine. So ultimately a machine shop without a water jet , is like a carpenter with out a hammer. Sure the carpenter can use the back of his crow bar to hammer in nails, but there is a better way. It is important to understand that abrasive jets are not the same thing as the water jet although they are nearly the same. Water Jet technology has been around since the early 1970s or so, and abrasive jets extended the concept about ten years later. Both technology use the principle of pressuring water to extremely high pressure, and allowing the water to escape through opening typically called the orifice or jewel. Water jets use the beam of water exiting the orifice to cut soft stuffs like candy bars, but are not effective for cutting harder materials. The inlet water is typically pressurized between 20000 and 60000 Pounds Per Square Inch (PSI). This is forced through a tiny wall in the jewel which is typically .007” to .015” diameter (0.18 to0.4 mm) . This creates a vary high velocity beam of water. Abrasive jets use the same beam of water to accelerate abrasive particles to speeds fast enough to cut through much faster material.
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